Sessions With PHP4

One of the new great features with PHP4 is the session management feature.
It allows you to store variables in a session ‘object’ during a user visit.
I used this feature recently while re-making my swedish community website
(http://coolt.nu/) and thought I’d share some of the experience I gained
from that.

What is a Session?

First off I’d like to explain what a session is, in case you don’t know what
it is. A session begins when a user surfs into your website and ends when
the user leaves your website (or one of your webpages terminates it
explicitly). Essentially, a cookie is associated with a browser, and some
kind of storage resource is allocated on the server to hold session
variables. PHP4 uses files to store session variables, but one could
theoretically use a database or shared memory to do the same.

All pages that uses PHP4 sessions must call the function session_start() to
tell the PHP4 engine to load session related information into memory. The
session_start() function tries to find the session id in the cookie
field or the request parameters for the current HTTP request. If it cannot
find the session id, a new session is created.

What is a Session Variable?

A session variable is a regular global variable that, when registered as a
session variable, keeps its value on all pages that use PHP4 sessions. To
register a session variable, assign a value to a variable that is to become
a session variable and call session_register(“variable_name”). On all
subsequent pages that uses sessions (by calling session_start()), the variable
variable_name will have the value assigned to it before it was registered
as a session variable. Changes to the variable value will be automatically
registered in the session and saved for further reference.