PHP: Static Keyword

Static Keyword

Declaring class members or methods as static makes them accessible without needing an instantiation of the class. A member declared as static can not be accessed with an instantiated class object (though a static method can).

For compatibility with PHP 4, if no visibility declaration is used, then the member or method will be treated as if it was declared as public.

Because static methods are callable without an instance of the object created, the pseudo variable $this is not available inside the method declared as static.

Static properties cannot be accessed through the object using the arrow operator ->.

Calling non-static methods statically generates an E_STRICT level warning.

As of PHP 5.3.0, it's possible to reference the class using a variable. The variable's value can not be a keyword (e.g. self, parent and static).

Example #1 Static member example


<?php

class Foo

{

    public static $my_static = 'foo';



    public function staticValue() {

        return self::$my_static;

    }

}



class Bar extends Foo

{

    public function fooStatic() {

        return parent::$my_static;

    }

}





print Foo::$my_static . "\n";



$foo = new Foo();

print $foo->staticValue() . "\n";

print $foo->my_static . "\n";      // Undefined "Property" my_static 



print $foo::$my_static . "\n";

$classname = 'Foo';

print $classname::$my_static . "\n"; // As of PHP 5.3.0



print Bar::$my_static . "\n";

$bar = new Bar();

print $bar->fooStatic() . "\n";

?>

Example #2 Static method example


<?php

class Foo {

    public static function aStaticMethod() {

        // ...

    }

}



Foo::aStaticMethod();

$classname = 'Foo';

$classname::aStaticMethod(); // As of PHP 5.3.0

?>